dat.besson2016.RdResults from 46 studies synthesising maternal nutritional effects on coping styles in rodents.
dat.besson2016The data frame contains the following columns:
| comp_ID | character | effect-size unique identifier |
| study_ID | character | study unique identifier |
| dam_ID | character | dam unique identifier (group of dams subjected to the same treatment) |
| animal_ID | character | offspring unique identifier (group of offspring from the same dam group subjected to the same treatment) |
| Reference | character | author’s names and date |
| species | character | species [rats or mice] |
| strain | character | strain |
| manip_type | character | maternal nutritional manipulation type [protein or calorie] |
| manip_direction | character | direction of maternal nutritional manipulation [- = restriction, + = overfeeding] |
| nom_manip_val | character | degree of maternal nutritional manipulation as described in the original publications [% = percentage of caloric or protein restriction, # = increase in caloric intake] |
| exp | character | percentage of caloric or protein maternal restriction or increase in caloric intake of the experimental group |
| control | character | percentage of caloric or protein maternal restriction or increase in caloric intake for the control group |
| manip_parameter | character | protein content, percentage fat or intake |
| vitmin_eql | character | were vitamins equalized across maternal diets? [yes or no] |
| adlib_con | character | were maternal control groups fed ad libitum? [yes or no] |
| adlib_exp | character | were maternal experimental groups fed ad libitum? [yes or no] |
| diet_con | character | name of maternal control diet? |
| diet_exp | character | name of maternal experimental diet? |
| dam_diet_start_dPC | numeric | start of the dam diet [in days post-conception] |
| dam_diet_end_dPC | numeric | end of the dam diet [in days post-conception] |
| diet_label | character | period of maternal diet manipulation [pregestation = pre-gestation, pre = pregnancy, lact = lactation, or pre+lact = pregnancy and lactation] |
| age_mating | numeric | dam age at mating if known |
| n_con_dam | integer | sample size of the control dam groups |
| n_exp_dam | integer | sample size of the experimental dam groups |
| multi_use_con | character | were control groups used multiple time? [yes or no] |
| dam_housing | character | how were dams housed? [pair, group, or single] |
| temperature | numeric | temperature during the experiment [°C] |
| photoperiod | integer | photoperiod during the experiment [number of hours of light] |
| litter_size | integer | size of the litter [number of pups per dam] |
| litter_size_equalized | character | has litter size been equalized? [yes or no] |
| crossfostered | character | have pups been cross-fostered? [yes or no] |
| sex | character | sex of the offspring that were tested [m = male, f = female, both = mixed sex] |
| housing | character | offspring housing during the test period [dam, pair, single, or group] |
| bodymass_mean_contr | numeric | mean body mass of control offspring close to or during the testing period [g] |
| bodymass_SE_contr | numeric | S.E. for body mass of control offspring close to or during the testing period |
| bodymass_mean_exp | numeric | mean body mass of experimental offspring close to or during the testing period [g] |
| bodymass_SE_exp | numeric | S.E. for body mass of experimental offspring close to or during the testing period |
| bm_N_contr | integer | sample size for body mass of control offspring close to or during the testing period |
| bm_N_exp | integer | sample size for body mass of experimental offspring close to or during the testing period |
| bm_dPP | integer | age of offspring when body mass was measured [in days post-parturition] |
| offspring_diet | character | offspring diet after weaning [type of control diet] |
| offspring_con_adlib | character | were control offspring fed ad libitum after weaning? [yes or no] |
| offspring_diet_level | character | name of offspring diet after weaning |
| offspring_diet_end_dPP | integer | end of the offspring diet [in days post-parturition] |
| post_diet_adlib | character | were experimental offspring fed ad libitum after weaning? [yes or no] |
| response_age_dPP | numeric | offspring age when behavioural testing started [in days post-parturition] |
| authors_behaviour_classification | character | author's classification of offspring behaviour [anxiety, exploration, or activity] |
| our_behaviour_classification | character | our classification of offspring behaviour [anxiety, exploration, or activity] |
| response_test | character | type of test used [elevated T-maze (ETM), open field, etc.] to measure offspring behaviour |
| time_trial | integer | duration of the testing [min] |
| measure | character | measures taken during testing [total distance moved, time spent in open arm, etc.] |
| unit | character | unit of the behavioural measure taken [min, s, m, number (#), etc.] |
| high_better | character | for activity and exploration, a higher number is assumed to be better (i.e., animals were more active), but the opposite was assumed for anxiety (i.e., they were more anxious) [yes or no] |
| night.day | character | time of day when behaviours were measured [night or day] |
| comparison | character | for a given control-treatment group comparison, animal group codes as used in the original article [e.g., LP, HP]. This field allows identification of exactly which data (i.e., comparison of which pairs of groups) were extracted from the original paper, and is not used in our analyses. For our analyses the groups were re-coded as control/experimental. |
| exp_mean | numeric | mean of the offspring behaviour measured for the experimental group |
| exp_se | numeric | S.E. of the offspring behaviour measured for the experimental group |
| exp_n | integer | sample size for the offspring experimental group |
| con_mean | numeric | mean of offspring behaviour measured for the control group |
| con_se | numeric | S.E. of the offspring behaviour measured for the control group |
| con_n | integer | sample size for the offspring control group |
| con_ID | character | identifier for shared control groups within experiment |
| percentage | character | is the offspring behaviour measure a percentage? [yes or no] |
| Data_source | character | figure or table number in the original paper from which the data were extracted |
| measure_comments | character | any comments on the offspring behaviour measures |
| SE_imputed | character | was S.E. imputed for the offspring behaviour measure? [yes or no] |
| Comments | character | any comments on the data |
Data from experiments where dams were subject to caloric or protein restriction or were overfed around gestation were included. Offspring activity, exploration, or anxiety were measured outcomes variables from maternal experimental treatments. Multilevel meta-analysis and meta-regression models were used to analyze the meta-analytic data.
Besson, A. A., Lagisz, M., Senior, A. M., Hector, K. L., & Nakagawa, S. (2016). Effect of maternal diet on offspring coping styles in rodents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Biological Reviews, 91(4), 1065–1080. https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12210
ecology, evolution, standardized mean differences
### copy data into 'dat' and examine data
dat <- dat.besson2016
head(dat)
#> comp_ID study_ID dam_ID animal_ID Reference species strain manip_type
#> 1 comp_01 s_01 D_01 A_01 Reyes-Castro et al. (2012a) rats Wistar protein
#> 2 comp_02 s_01 D_02 A_02 Reyes-Castro et al. (2012a) rats Wistar protein
#> 3 comp_03 s_01 D_03 A_03 Reyes-Castro et al. (2012a) rats Wistar protein
#> 4 comp_04 s_01 D_01 A_01 Reyes-Castro et al. (2012a) rats Wistar protein
#> 5 comp_05 s_01 D_02 A_02 Reyes-Castro et al. (2012a) rats Wistar protein
#> 6 comp_06 s_01 D_03 A_03 Reyes-Castro et al. (2012a) rats Wistar protein
#> manip_direction nom_manip_val exp control manip_parameter vitmin_eql adlib_con adlib_exp
#> 1 - 50% 10% 20% protein content yes yes yes
#> 2 - 50% 10% 20% protein content yes yes yes
#> 3 - 50% 10% 20% protein content yes yes yes
#> 4 - 50% 10% 20% protein content yes yes yes
#> 5 - 50% 10% 20% protein content yes yes yes
#> 6 - 50% 10% 20% protein content yes yes yes
#> diet_con diet_exp dam_diet_start_dPC dam_diet_end_dPC diet_label
#> 1 Zeiger_Rodent_RQ22-5 Zeiger_Rodent_RQ22-5_LP_isoc 1 22 pre
#> 2 Zeiger_Rodent_RQ22-6 Zeiger_Rodent_RQ22-5_LP_isoc 22 43 lact
#> 3 Zeiger_Rodent_RQ22-7 Zeiger_Rodent_RQ22-5_LP_isoc 1 43 pre+lact
#> 4 Zeiger_Rodent_RQ22-8 Zeiger_Rodent_RQ22-5_LP_isoc 1 22 pre
#> 5 Zeiger_Rodent_RQ22-9 Zeiger_Rodent_RQ22-5_LP_isoc 22 43 lact
#> 6 Zeiger_Rodent_RQ22-10 Zeiger_Rodent_RQ22-5_LP_isoc 1 43 pre+lact
#> age_mating n_con_dam n_exp_dam multi_use_con dam_housing temperature photoperiod litter_size
#> 1 122 20 20 yes single 22 12 10
#> 2 122 20 20 yes single 22 12 10
#> 3 122 20 20 yes single 22 12 10
#> 4 122 20 20 yes single 22 12 10
#> 5 122 20 20 yes single 22 12 10
#> 6 122 20 20 yes single 22 12 10
#> litter_size_equalized crossfostered sex housing bodymass_mean_contr bodymass_SE_contr
#> 1 yes no f group 209 4
#> 2 yes no f group 209 4
#> 3 yes no f group 209 4
#> 4 yes no f group 209 4
#> 5 yes no f group 209 4
#> 6 yes no f group 209 4
#> bodymass_mean_exp bodymass_SE_exp bm_N_contr bm_N_exp bm_dPP offspring_diet offspring_con_adlib
#> 1 200 7 10 10 90 20% casein control yes
#> 2 190 6 10 10 90 20% casein control yes
#> 3 199 10 10 10 90 20% casein control yes
#> 4 200 7 10 10 90 20% casein control yes
#> 5 190 6 10 10 90 20% casein control yes
#> 6 199 10 10 10 90 20% casein control yes
#> offspring_diet_level offspring_diet_end_dPP post_diet_adlib response_age_dPP
#> 1 Zeiger_Rodent_RQ22-5 1 yes 90
#> 2 Zeiger_Rodent_RQ22-6 21 yes 90
#> 3 Zeiger_Rodent_RQ22-7 21 yes 90
#> 4 Zeiger_Rodent_RQ22-8 1 yes 90
#> 5 Zeiger_Rodent_RQ22-9 21 yes 90
#> 6 Zeiger_Rodent_RQ22-10 21 yes 90
#> authors_behaviour_classification our_behaviour_classification response_test time_trial
#> 1 ANXIETY ACTIVITY EPM 5
#> 2 ANXIETY ACTIVITY EPM 5
#> 3 ANXIETY ACTIVITY EPM 5
#> 4 ANXIETY ANXIETY EPM 5
#> 5 ANXIETY ANXIETY EPM 5
#> 6 ANXIETY ANXIETY EPM 5
#> measure unit high_better night.day comparison exp_mean exp_se exp_n con_mean con_se con_n
#> 1 T_dist_moved m yes night cc-rc 13.90 1.28 8 11.97 1.28 8
#> 2 T_dist_moved m yes night cc-cr 13.90 0.96 8 11.97 1.28 8
#> 3 T_dist_moved m yes night cc-rr 10.69 0.32 8 11.97 1.28 8
#> 4 Open_arm_entries # yes night cc-rc 3.59 0.70 8 5.00 0.89 8
#> 5 Open_arm_entries # yes night cc-cr 4.29 0.70 8 5.00 0.89 8
#> 6 Open_arm_entries # yes night cc-rr 3.20 0.48 8 5.00 0.89 8
#> con_ID percentage Data_source measure_comments SE_imputed
#> 1 con_01 no Fig. 1 <NA> no
#> 2 con_01 no Fig. 1 <NA> no
#> 3 con_01 no Fig. 1 <NA> no
#> 4 con_02 no Fig. 1 <NA> no
#> 5 con_02 no Fig. 1 <NA> no
#> 6 con_02 no Fig. 1 <NA> no
#> Comments
#> 1 details of diet can be found in Zambrano et al. (2005).
#> 2 details of diet can be found in Zambrano et al. (2005).
#> 3 details of diet can be found in Zambrano et al. (2005).
#> 4 details of diet can be found in Zambrano et al. (2005).
#> 5 details of diet can be found in Zambrano et al. (2005).
#> 6 details of diet can be found in Zambrano et al. (2005).
### load metafor
library(metafor)
### compute SD from SE
dat$sd_c <- with(dat, con_se * sqrt(con_n))
dat$sd_e <- with(dat, exp_se * sqrt(exp_n))
### compute standardized mean differences and corresponding sampling variances
dat <- escalc(measure="SMD", m1i=exp_mean, m2i=con_mean, sd1i=sd_e, sd2i=sd_c,
n1i=exp_n, n2i=con_n, data=dat, add.measure=TRUE)
### fit model
mod1 <- rma.mv(yi ~ 1, V = vi, random = list(~ 1 | study_ID, ~ 1 | comp_ID), data = dat)
#> Warning: 84 rows with NAs omitted from model fitting.
mod1
#>
#> Multivariate Meta-Analysis Model (k = 389; method: REML)
#>
#> Variance Components:
#>
#> estim sqrt nlvls fixed factor
#> sigma^2.1 0.1179 0.3433 46 no study_ID
#> sigma^2.2 0.3698 0.6081 389 no comp_ID
#>
#> Test for Heterogeneity:
#> Q(df = 388) = 1262.0967, p-val < .0001
#>
#> Model Results:
#>
#> estimate se zval pval ci.lb ci.ub
#> -0.1067 0.0712 -1.4994 0.1338 -0.2462 0.0328
#>
#> ---
#> Signif. codes: 0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1
#>