dat.axfors2021.RdResults from 33 trials examining the effectiveness of hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine in patients with COVID-19.
dat.axfors2021The data frame contains the following columns:
| id | character | registry number |
| acronym | character | shortened registry number |
| patient_setting | character | patient setting |
| blinding_exact | character | study blinding |
| high_dose | character | high or low dose of medication |
| Published | character | publication status |
| hcq_cq | character | medication type (hcq = hydroxychloroquine or cq = chloroquine) |
| hcq_arm_event | numeric | number of deaths in the treatment group |
| hcq_arm_total | numeric | number of patients in the treatment group |
| control_arm_event | numeric | number of deaths in the control group |
| control_arm_total | numeric | number of patients in the control group |
| Control | character | control group type (Standard of Care or Placebo) |
The dataset includes the results from 33 published and unpublished randomized clinical trials that examined the effectiveness of hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine in patients with COVID-19. The results given here are focused on the total mortality in the treatment versus control groups.
Axfors, C., Schmitt, A. M., Janiaud, P., van’t Hooft, J., Abd-Elsalam, S., Abdo, E. F., Abella, B. S., Akram, J., Amaravadi, R. K., Angus, D. C., Arabi, Y. M., Azhar, S., Baden, L. R., Baker, A. W., Belkhir, L., Benfield, T., Berrevoets, M. A. H., Chen, C.-P., Chen, T.-C., … Hemkens, L. G. (2021). Mortality outcomes with hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine in COVID-19 from an international collaborative meta-analysis of randomized trials. Nature Communications, 12(1), 2349. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22446-z
Axfors, C., Schmitt, A., Janiaud, P., van ’t Hooft, J., Moher, D., Goodman, S., … Hemkens, L. G. (2021, March 9). Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine for survival in COVID-19: An international collaborative meta-analysis of randomized trials. https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/QESV4
medicine, covid-19, odds ratios
# copy data into 'dat' and examine data
dat <- dat.axfors2021
dat
#> id acronym patient_setting covid_status
#> 1 NCT04353336 NCT04353336 Inpatient Confirmed
#> 2 NCT04329923 PATCH Inpatient Confirmed
#> 3 NCT04338698 PROTECT C Inpatient Confirmed
#> 4 NCT04338698 PROTECT A Inpatient Confirmed
#> 5 NCT04338698 PROTECT B Inpatient Confirmed
#> 6 NCT04345289 CCAP-1 Inpatient Confirmed
#> 7 NCT04308668 COVID-PEP Outpatient Confirmed and Suspected
#> 8 NCT04384380 NCT04384380 Inpatient Confirmed
#> 9 NCT04316377 NO COVID-19 Inpatient Confirmed
#> 10 NCT04325893 NCT04325893 Inpatient Confirmed
#> 11 NCT04342221 COV-HCQ Inpatient Confirmed
#> 12 NCT02735707 REMAP-CAP ICU Confirmed and Suspected
#> 13 ChiCTR2000029868 ChiCTR2000029868 Inpatient Confirmed
#> 14 NCT04381936 RECOVERY Inpatient Confirmed and Suspected
#> 15 NCT04342650 CloroCOVID19II B Outpatient Suspected
#> 16 NCT04323527 CloroCOVID19II A Inpatient Suspected
#> 17 NCT04261517 NCT04261517 Inpatient Confirmed
#> 18 NCT04369742 TEACH Inpatient Confirmed
#> 19 NCT04315896 HYDRA Inpatient Confirmed
#> 20 ChiCTR2000031204 ChiCTR2000031204 Inpatient Confirmed
#> 21 NCT04333654 NCT04333654 Outpatient Confirmed
#> 22 NCT04345692 OAHU-COVID19 Inpatient Confirmed
#> 23 NCT04335552 NCT04335552 A Inpatient Confirmed
#> 24 NCT04335552 NCT04335552 B Inpatient Confirmed
#> 25 NL8490 ARCHAIC Inpatient Confirmed
#> 26 NL8490 ARCHAIC Inpatient Confirmed
#> 27 NCT04322123 Coalition I Inpatient Confirmed and Suspected
#> 28 ChiCTR2000030054 ChiCTR2000030054 Inpatient Confirmed
#> 29 ChiCTR2000030054 ChiCTR2000030054 Inpatient Confirmed
#> 30 NCT04304053 BCN PEP CoV-2 Study Outpatient Confirmed
#> 31 ChiCTR2000029559 ChiCTR2000029559 Inpatient Confirmed
#> 32 NCT04340544 COMIHY Outpatient Confirmed
#> 33 NCT04491994 NCT04491994 Inpatient Confirmed
#> blinding_exact high_dose Published hcq_cq hcq_arm_total hcq_arm_event
#> 1 None no Published hcq 97 6
#> 2 Participant, Caregiver no Not published hcq 15 0
#> 3 Investigator no Not published hcq 64 0
#> 4 Investigator no Not published hcq 62 0
#> 5 Investigator no Not published hcq 59 1
#> 6 Participant, Caregiver no Not published hcq 1 0
#> 7 Participant, Caregiver no Published hcq 244 1
#> 8 None no Published hcq 21 0
#> 9 None no Published hcq 27 1
#> 10 Participant, Caregiver no Not published hcq 124 6
#> 11 Participant, Caregiver no Not published hcq 13 1
#> 12 None yes Not published hcq 61 17
#> 13 None no Published hcq 75 0
#> 14 None yes Published hcq 1561 418
#> 15 Participant, Caregiver no Not published cq 78 0
#> 16 Participant, Caregiver no Not published cq 41 17
#> 17 None no Published hcq 15 0
#> 18 Participant, Caregiver no Published hcq 67 7
#> 19 Participant, Caregiver no Not published hcq 75 28
#> 20 Participant no Not published cq 18 0
#> 21 Participant, Caregiver no Not published hcq 5 0
#> 22 None no Not published hcq 10 2
#> 23 None no Not published hcq 4 1
#> 24 None no Not published hcq 2 1
#> 25 None no Not published cq 5 1
#> 26 None no Not published hcq 4 2
#> 27 None no Published hcq 221 7
#> 28 None no Published hcq 18 0
#> 29 None no Published cq 18 0
#> 30 None no Published hcq 136 0
#> 31 Participant, Caregiver no Published hcq 31 0
#> 32 Participant, Caregiver no Not published hcq 8 0
#> 33 none no Published hcq 349 0
#> control_arm_total control_arm_event Control
#> 1 97 5 Standard of Care
#> 2 15 0 Placebo
#> 3 64 0 Standard of Care
#> 4 63 1 Standard of Care
#> 5 61 2 Standard of Care
#> 6 1 0 Placebo
#> 7 247 1 Placebo
#> 8 12 0 Standard of Care
#> 9 26 1 Standard of Care
#> 10 123 11 Placebo
#> 11 14 0 Placebo
#> 12 81 22 Standard of Care
#> 13 75 0 Standard of Care
#> 14 3155 788 Standard of Care
#> 15 74 0 Placebo
#> 16 41 12 Placebo
#> 17 15 0 Standard of Care
#> 18 61 6 Placebo
#> 19 77 29 Placebo
#> 20 17 0 Placebo
#> 21 3 0 Placebo
#> 22 6 0 Standard of Care
#> 23 2 0 Standard of Care
#> 24 3 2 Standard of Care
#> 25 3 0 Standard of Care
#> 26 3 0 Standard of Care
#> 27 227 6 Standard of Care
#> 28 12 0 Standard of Care
#> 29 12 0 Standard of Care
#> 30 157 0 Standard of Care
#> 31 31 0 Standard of Care
#> 32 8 0 Placebo
#> 33 151 0 Standard of Care
# load metafor package
library(metafor)
# calculate log odds ratios and corresponding sampling variances
dat <- escalc(measure="OR", ai=hcq_arm_event, n1i=hcq_arm_total,
ci=control_arm_event, n2i=control_arm_total, data=dat)
# meta-analysis Hydroxychloroquine
res_hcq <- rma(yi, vi, subset=(hcq_cq=="hcq"), slab = id, data=dat)
print(res_hcq, digits=2)
#>
#> Random-Effects Model (k = 28; tau^2 estimator: REML)
#>
#> tau^2 (estimated amount of total heterogeneity): 0 (SE = 0.04)
#> tau (square root of estimated tau^2 value): 0
#> I^2 (total heterogeneity / total variability): 0.00%
#> H^2 (total variability / sampling variability): 1.00
#>
#> Test for Heterogeneity:
#> Q(df = 27) = 6.03, p-val = 1.00
#>
#> Model Results:
#>
#> estimate se zval pval ci.lb ci.ub
#> 0.08 0.07 1.18 0.24 -0.05 0.20
#>
#> ---
#> Signif. codes: 0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1
#>
# meta-analysis Chloroquine
res_cq <- rma(yi, vi, subset=(hcq_cq=="cq"), slab = id, data=dat)
print(res_cq, digits=2)
#>
#> Random-Effects Model (k = 5; tau^2 estimator: REML)
#>
#> tau^2 (estimated amount of total heterogeneity): 0 (SE = 1.22)
#> tau (square root of estimated tau^2 value): 0
#> I^2 (total heterogeneity / total variability): 0.00%
#> H^2 (total variability / sampling variability): 1.00
#>
#> Test for Heterogeneity:
#> Q(df = 4) = 0.38, p-val = 0.98
#>
#> Model Results:
#>
#> estimate se zval pval ci.lb ci.ub
#> 0.46 0.42 1.10 0.27 -0.36 1.29
#>
#> ---
#> Signif. codes: 0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1
#>